Business and administration
- Accounting and taxation
Accounting and taxation is the study of maintaining, auditing and recording financial transactions.
Programmes and qualifications with the following main content are classified here:
· Accounting
· Auditing
· Bookkeeping
· Tax accounting
· Tax management
Exclusions
Study of tax laws is excluded from this detailed field and included in the detailed field ‘Law’.
- Finance, banking and insurance
Finance, banking and insurance is the study of planning, directing, organizing and controlling financial activities and services. It includes the control and monitoring of the financial resources of organizations, institutions and individuals, and the provision of financial services at the corporate and individual level.
Programmes and qualifications with the following main content are classified here:
· Bank teller studies
· Banking and finance
· Finance theory
· Insurance
· Investment analysis
· Investments and securities
· Pension insurance
· Social insurance
· Stock-broking
Exclusions
Study of actuarial science is excluded from this detailed field and included in detailed field ‘Statistics’ (in the domain Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics).
- Management and administration
Management and administration is the study of planning, directing and operating the functions and activities of organizations and institutions. Programmes in management also including administration, economics, finance etc. are included here if emphasis is given to management and administration.
Programmes and qualifications with the following main content are classified here:
· Administration
· Educational management
· Employment management
· Entrepreneurship
· Health administration
· Logistic management
· Management science
· Office management
· Organizational theory and behaviour
· Personnel administration
· Personnel management
· ‘Start your own business’ courses
· Supply change management
· Training management
Inclusions:
Study of leadership in the context of management is included here.
Exclusions:
Training in leadership in the context of personal development is excluded from this detailed field and included in the detailed field ‘Personal skills’ (included in Social Sciences, Education, Journalism and Information).
Study of administration in the meaning of office work is excluded from this detailed field and included in the detailed field ‘Secretarial and office work’.
-Marketing and advertising
Marketing and advertising is the study of promoting the exchange processes of goods and services between organizations and/or individuals, and the study of consumer behaviour and requirements. It includes the study of the role of product development, pricing, distribution, promotion and sales in order to maximise business performance.
Programmes and qualifications with the following main content are classified here:
· Advertising
· Consumer behaviour
· Market research
· Marketing
· Merchandising
· Public relations
- Secretarial and office work
Secretarial and office work is the study of administrative procedures and practices, office technology and clerical, shorthand and keyboard skills. Specialised secretarial programmes (bilingual, medical, law, accounting etc) are included if the programme has secretarial work as its objective, rather than work as specialised assistants.
Programmes and qualifications with the following main content are classified here:
· Administrative and secretarial services
· Clerical programmes
· Data entry
· Foreign language secretary programmes
· Keyboard skills
· Legal secretary programmes
· Medical secretary programmes
· Operation of office equipment
· Receptionist training
· Secretarial programmes
· Shorthand
· Switchboard operating
· Typing
Inclusions
Broad secretarial programmes comprising among other things computer courses are included here.
Exclusions
Separate programmes or qualifications in using a specific computer software are excluded from this detailed field and included under the detailed field ‘Computer use”. (included in the domain Information and Communication Technologies)
Office management is excluded from this detailed field and included in detailed field ‘Management and administration’.
Hotel-related programmes are excluded from this detailed field and included in detailed field ‘Hotel, restaurant and catering’ (included in the domain Services).
-Wholesale and retail sales
Wholesale and retail sales is the study of buying and selling goods and services, including stock management, pricing practices, loss prevention, sales systems and procedures. It includes the study of the workings and current trends of the wholesale and retail industries. Selling of buildings and properties is also included.
Programmes and qualifications with the following main content are classified here:
· Auctioneering
· Consumer services
· Demonstration techniques
· Purchasing
· Real-estate business
· Retailing
· Stock-keeping
· Ware-housing
· Wholesaling
Inclusions
Study of buying and selling buildings and properties is included here.
-Work skills
Work skills is the study of the structure and function of working life. It comprises programmes, mainly given as staff training, related to the working place and to work assignments.
Programmes and qualifications with the following main content are classified here:
· Clients’ needs
· Company knowledge
· Customer service training
· ‘Introduction to work’ courses
· Organization at work
· Quality assurance
· Trade union courses (general)
· Work development
Inclusions
Staff training related to the workplace or work assignments is included here.
Exclusions
Training related to the workplace or work assignments is excluded from this detailed field if it has more to do with personal development than work development
Staff training, which can be classified as any other field, is excluded from this detailed field and included in the appropriate field (e.g. quality courses should, if technical, be included in the detailed fields under ‘Engineering and engineering trades’ (in the domain Engineering)).
Programmes in work environment should be included in detailed field ‘Occupational health and safety’. (in the domain Health and Welfare)
Programmes, mostly at tertiary level, dealing with working life in general in terms of the labour market, the social partners, industrial psychology etc. are excluded from this detailed field and included in the detailed fields under ‘Social and behaviour sciences’ (in the domain Social Sciences, Education, Journalism and Information).
Law
Law is the study of the principles and procedures for formally maintaining social order, including training for legal professions such as advocate or training for the judicial bench.
Programmes and qualifications with the following main content are classified here:
· Commercial law
· Criminal justice studies
· History of law
· Indigenous law
· Jurisprudence
· Labour law
· Legal practice
· Notary/Notary’s practise
· Paralegal studies
Exclusions
Court reporting programmes and legal secretary programmes are excluded from this detailed field and included in detailed field “Secretarial and office work”.
Police studies are excluded from this detailed field and included in detailed field ‘Protection of persons and property’ (in the domain of the services).
-Inter-disciplinary programmes and qualifications involving business, administration and law
Inter-disciplinary programmes and qualifications to which the greatest intended learning time is devoted to business, administration and law are classified here.
Inclusions
Study of business and administration where emphasis is not given towards any of the detailed fields above is included in this field.
Exclusions
Business programmes where emphasis is given to any of the detailed fields under ‘Business and administration’ (management, administration, marketing etc.) should be classified according to the specialisation.